Historia ya Tanzania - History of Tanzania

(English) The African Great Lakes nation of Tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar. The former was a colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919, when, under the League of Nations, it became a British mandate. It served as a British military outpost during World War II, providing financial help, munitions, and soldiers. In 1947, Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory under British administration, a status it kept until its independence in 1961. The island of Zanzibar thrived as a trading hub, subsequently controlled by the Portuguese, the Sultanate of Oman, and then as a British protectorate by the end of the nineteenth century. Julius Nyerere, independence leader and "baba wa taifa" for Tanganyika (father of the Tanganyika nation), ruled the country for decades, while Abeid Amaan Karume, governed Zanzibar as its president and Vice President of the United Republic of Tanzania. Following Nyerere's retirement in 1985, various political and economic reforms began. He was succeeded in office by President Ali Hassan Mwinyi. (Kiswahili) Tanzania ni nchi iliyoko Afrika ya Mashariki. Imepakana na Uganda na Kenya upande wa kaskazini, Bahari Hindi upande wa mashariki, Msumbiji, Malawi na Zambia upande wa kusini, Kongo, Burundi na Rwanda upande wa magharibi. Eneo lina kilometa za mraba 947,303 (nchi ya 31 duniani); maji ya ndani yanachukua asilimia 6.2. Idadi ya watu kwa mujibu wa sensa ya mwaka 2012 ilikuwa 44,928,923 (nchi ya 30 duniani) kutoka 34,443,603 waliohesabiwa katika sensa ya mwaka 2002. Msongamano ni wa watu 47.5 kwa km² (nchi ya 124 duniani). Tanzania ni nchi kubwa zaidi kati ya wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika ya Mashariki. Mji mkuu ni Dodoma (wenye wakazi 410,956), lakini Dar es Salaam ndilo jiji kubwa zaidi, lenye watu 4,364,541. Miji mingine ni kama vile Mwanza (706,543), Arusha (416,442), Mbeya (385,279), Morogoro (315,866), Tanga (273,332), Kahama (242,208), Tabora (226,999) na Zanzibar (223,033).