International Relation

Realism

Realism: Security (Power Politics, conflict and war)

Focus on states and their relations in relation with power. (Military and political power)

State need to maximize their security and chances of survival.

Quest for military and/or economic security; Balance of Power

Based on self-interest

Realism: Policy Prescriptions

I) Balance Power:

Ignore culture, moral considerations in foreign policy; obey only dictates of maximizing your power relative to others. Human rights, etc. of other countries = none of our business. “The enemy of my enemy is my friend”

Problems with balance of power

Dissuade another from taking an action by threat of punishment

II) Deterrence and Compellence: Threat / Use of Military Force

Deterrence = “DON’T!” Dissuade another from taking an action by threat of punishment (don’t attack)

Compellence = “DO!” Force another to stop something they are doing, or do something they otherwise wouldn’t do, by threat or use of force

Liberalism/Idealism

Focus on the creation of a peaceful world by integration

Based on the assumption of the innate goodness of the individual and the value of political institutions in promoting social progress states, nongovernmental organizations, and intergovernmental organizations as key actors

IOs (UN, WTO, ICC)

Liberalism: Policy Prescriptions

Liberalism may be divided into these categories:

Sociological Realism;

Interdependence Liberalism; 3) Institutional Liberalism; 4) Republican Liberalism.

Realist focus on the preservation of order in the international system

emphasize on the preservation of the existing system can be categorized as Conservatives.

evolution to a better condition which is beneficiary for all states and organizationsThey are therefore Idealists.

Marxism

Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please, they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past’ Capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic change father of Marxist theory, together with Karl

The capitalists' interests lie in securing their power and expanding profits. Workers, on the other hand, have interests in higher wages, safe working conditions, shorter hours, job security

The revolution would emerge a socialist society which would fully utilize and develop much further the productive potential

The final goal, toward which socialist society would constantly build, is the human one of abolishing alienation. Marx called the attainment of this goal "communism".

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