Evolution of study of IR
Historical Evolution
- Hellas, first state system in ancient Greece
- Lack of institutional diplomacy, and no international law and organization
- Roman Empire occupy Middle East and North Africa.
- Quasi international relationships
- Invasion of cities
- Catholic empire based Rome (Christendom) and in eastern Europe Byzantine (Orthodox)
- Politico-religious empire
- No defined territories with borders.
- Hierarchical political and ideological structure as Chinese Communist state
- Kings rule: semi-autonomous
- 1096- 1291 A.D. fought between Christian Crusades and Islamic world
- Global disorder, conflicts, and violence
- 1337- 1453 A.D. Hundred year war between England and france
- Feudal and local level
- No distinction between civil war and international war
- Freedom was not freedom for the individual rather for rulers and their followers and clients
- Justice was responsibility of both political and religious rulers
- Early modern European era
- Religious-political authority of Christendom.
- Military power of barons and feudal
- Medieval to modern age: evolution of sovereign state with all powers in the hand of king.
- Defined boundaries
- Ambition to expand their territories results in war
- Spain, France, Austria, England, Denmark Sweden, Holland, Poland, Russia, Prussia and other at war.
- War become a key international institute for resolving conflicts between sovereign states.
- In the modern international system territory is consolidated, unified and centralized under a sovereign government.
- Thirty years war