Special Education

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SQSAPPS

Introduction to Special Education

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Special Education or Special Needs Education is the form of education planned for the students with Special Needs in a way that addresses the students

  1. Individual Differences and
  2. Needs.
  1. Specialized Teaching Techniques
  2. Special Materials
  3. Special Facilities
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Philosophy of Special Education

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Special Education Services

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  • Special Education services are designed to help the child learn skills that other children learn during general educational settings.
  • These services include, Therapy, Counseling, Adaptive equipment, Transportation, Accommodation and or Modifications.
  • Special Education services are provided in public/private schools and include special instruction in the classroom, at home, in the hospital, in institutions, or in other settings.
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  • State of the Problem

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  • It is estimated that 2.49% of the population is disabled (National Policy for Persons with Disabilities, 2002).
  • According to the WHO the general prevalence of disability is 10%.
  • Many parents tend to conceal the fact that they have a disabled child or deny the presence of disability in their children (Khatoon, 2003).

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  • Classification of the Disabilities by “WHO”

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    Who are “Special People?

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    Special People are those who need special Education and related services.

    They include a child who has:

  • an Intellectual Disability,
  • a Hearing Impairment (including deafness),
  • a Speech or language Impairment,
  • a Visual Impairment (including blindness),
  • a Serious Emotional Disturbance,
  • an Orthopedic Impairment,
  • Victim of the Autism,
  • Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is both general terms for a group of Complex Disorders of Brain Development.
  • Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the First Three Years of life and affects a person’s Ability to Communicate and Interact with others.
  • Autism is characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in Social interaction, Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Repetitive Behaviors.
  • Presently, all Autism Disorders are merged into one umbrella diagnosis of (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder.
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    Autism

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    KEY TERMS

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    Ancient Views about Special People

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    History of Special Education

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    Changing Perspective of Disability

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    There is a shift in understanding about the state of Disability from a condition of “Abnormality” to a case of “Human Diversity” with Equal Rights and Privileges

    Professional Preparation Standards:

    Teaching profession requires knowledge, communication skill, aptitude and so on. Special Education is specially designed instruction programme to meet the Educational, Social, Emotional, and Vocational needs of students with disabilities. The Professional Preparation Standards include:

    1. Qualification of the Teacher:
    2. Qualification of the teacher should meet the required criteria to promptly satisfy needs of the field

    3. Specialty of the Teacher
    4. The teacher should be skillful in dealing with the students of special needs. S/He should have the insight to determine differences among the needs of different individuals.

    5. Conversant (Knowledgeable)
    6. Acquaintance with the latest innovation in the field also includes in the professional preparation of the teacher

    7. Tactful
    8. The teacher is required to tackle the situation on case to case bases.

    9. Flexible and Friendly Personality
    10. Relaxed and friendly attitude of the teacher is significant particularly in dealing with the students of special needs

    11. To be able to create Positive Atmosphere
    12. It is another important factor in rendering service to the special people.

    13. To be able to Negotiate
    14. Difficult situations and critical positions are settled with the art of negotiation on part of the teacher.

    15. To have a sense of Humor
    16. Having sense of Humor creates attraction and charm in the personality of the teacher

    17. To be a Facilitator rather than Instructor
    18. Teacher has always been model for the students. This importance is increased many fold when it is associated with the people of special needs.

    19. To have Dedication and Commitment
    20. The teacher needs to be dedicated and committed to the cause of his/her profession

    21. To have a Child Centered Approach
    22. The teacher is required to extend love and affection to the students involved with him/her in the process of interaction

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